********************* Fundamental Constants ********************* Fundamental constants are defined in ``constants/fundamental_constants.H``. This file contains physical constants and unit conversion factors, such as Boltzmann’s constant, $k_B$, and is **automatically generated** by the Python script ``write_fundamental_constants.py``. All constant values are obtained from ``scipy.constants`` to ensure consistency between ``Microphysics`` and ``pynucastro``, the latter is used for generating the reaction networks used by ``Microphysics``. There are two exceptions: 1. Constants under the ``Legacy`` namespace represent outdated values historically used in networks such as ``aprox13``, ``aprox19``, and ``aprox21``. These constants are retained for backward compatibility and should **NOT** be used in other places. 2. Newton’s gravitational constant continues to use an older value to preserve **hydrostatic equilibrium** in existing initial models used by ``Castro``. .. note:: The consistency of physical constants between ``pynucastro`` and ``Microphysics`` is particularly important when using inverse rates derived from detailed balance. Discrepancies in constant values can affect the agreement between mass fractions obtained from direct integration and those computed from nuclear statistical equilibrium (NSE). This a subtle point, but important when using NSE evolution mode (i.e., when compiled with ``USE_NSE_NET=TRUE`` and ``USE_NSE_TABLE=TRUE``). See :ref:`ch:nse` for more details.